Separate Raltegravir into Ralte (which sounds like route to) and gravir (which sounds like grab beer). Imagine a person who's always thinking about their route to (ralte) grabbeer (gravir). This person would be inhibited from integrating into society. As such, raltegravir is an integrase inhibitor.
HIV DrugRALTE = route to | GRAVIR = grab beer
HOW STEP TESTS IT
1
Esmolol selectively blocks beta-1 receptors, reducing heart rate and contractility. This can cause bradycardia and hypotension.
2
It is administered via IV, and its ultra-short half-life comes from rapid breakdown by red blood cell esterases, not the liver or kidneys.
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A 15-year-old patient with a mild cough at night that worsens during certain parts of the year develops Afib postoperatively. Why is esmolol preferred over propranolol here?
Answer & Explanation D - The patient has underlying asthma. Propranolol is non-selective and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways, removing bronchodilatory tone and causing bronchoconstriction. Esmolol's beta-1 selectivity spares the airways.
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